十大太空失重实验:水熊承受宇宙真空辐射(2)

“马兰哥尼对流效应”
在缺少重力作用状态下,表面张力是流体物理学特征的主要因素,如图所示,这张图片是在国际空间站拍摄的,从一个金属环中延伸出的水流就好像被一个无形的汤匙搅动。这种搅动效应是使用一个手电筒不均匀加热水造成的,所形成的温差将诱导液体水表面张力失衡,导致液体水发生旋转。
像这样的表面张力实验叫做“马兰哥尼对流效应(Marangoni convection)”,该现象很少出现在地球上,但存在于诸如熔钢冷却池等环境中。
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